Eye Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and What You Need to Know

When we talk about eye cancer, a group of malignant tumors that develop in or around the eye. Also known as ocular cancer, it doesn’t show up often, but when it does, catching it early can change everything. Most cases are ocular melanoma, the most common type in adults, starting in the pigment cells of the eye. In kids, it’s usually retinoblastoma, a rare but treatable cancer that forms in the retina. These aren’t just random growths—they’re biological events tied to genetics, UV exposure, and sometimes, unknown triggers.

Eye cancer doesn’t always hurt. That’s what makes it sneaky. You might notice a dark spot on the iris, blurry vision, flashes of light, or a change in how your pupil looks. Sometimes, it’s found during a routine eye exam before you feel anything. People often mistake it for a simple eye float or tiredness. But if you’ve had a persistent change in vision or a new spot on your eye for more than a few weeks, it’s worth getting checked. Unlike skin cancer, you can’t see the whole area—your eye doctor needs special tools to look inside.

There’s no one-size-fits-all fix. Treatment depends on size, location, and how far it’s spread. Small tumors might be treated with radiation or laser therapy. Bigger ones could need surgery, sometimes even removing part or all of the eye. Newer drugs are being tested, especially for melanoma that spreads. And while there’s no proven way to prevent it, wearing UV-blocking sunglasses and getting regular eye exams—especially if you have light eyes or a family history—can help catch it early.

What you’ll find below isn’t just a list of articles. It’s a collection of real, practical guides written for people who need to understand what eye cancer means—whether they’re newly diagnosed, supporting someone who is, or just trying to stay informed. You’ll see how symptoms show up, what tests actually look like, and how treatment choices affect daily life. No fluff. No jargon. Just clear facts from trusted sources.